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山东莱阳梨
莱阳县位于中国北部山东省的东部。“莱阳梨”因产于莱阳县而得名,它是山东省的著名特产之一。莱阳梨种植历史悠久,相传起源于300余年前。经过长期的栽培,莱阳梨现在的种植面积已发展到25000余亩,梨树50多万棵,年均产量在2500万公斤左右。
莱阳地区的土壤是一种独特的棕色细沙沃土,这种土壤结构松散,通风透气性好,而且对光的反射性强,从而能使树叶进行充分的光合作用,有利于梨树的生长。此外,沙质土容易吸热,升温快,散热也快,昼夜温差较大。梨树在白天进行光合作用获得的糖分,又因为夜间低温而不容易消耗掉,非常有利于果实中糖分的积累。这种得天独厚的自然条件是形成莱阳梨独特风味的主要原因。
莱阳梨多为倒卵形,果实硕大,果皮为黄绿色,表面粗糙,有褐色锈斑,萼部凹入。果肉质地细腻,汁水丰富,口感清脆香甜,是梨中的上品。莱阳梨的含糖量高达9.76%,比一般梨高2~3%,并含有各种有机酸、维生素等营养成分。莱阳梨不但是美味的时鲜果品,还可以加工成梨干、梨脯、梨酱、梨罐头等,又可以用来酿酒、酿醋。此外,它还具有清肺、化痰、止咳的功效,用它制作的“莱阳梨膏”、“止咳糖浆”是治疗支气管炎、伤风咳嗽的良药。
Shangdong Laiyang Pear
Laiyang Pear is produced in Laiyang County of Shangdong Province in north China. As one of Shangdong's special local products, Laiyang Pear has a history of more than 300 years. At present, it occupies a planting area of about 25,000 mu (1 mu = 1/15 hectare), with more than 500,000 pear trees and an annual output of about 25 million kilograms.
The land in Laiyang County with brown fertile sand soil has good permeability and facilitates photosynthesis, and the great temperature difference between day and night helps store the sugar obtained through daytime photosynthesis. This advantageous natural condition guarantees the quality of Laiyang Pear.
Laiyang Pear is usually in the shape of an upside down ovum. The fruit is big with rough and spotted yellow-green pericarp. Rough of pericarp but fine of pulp, the crisp, sweet and juicy Laiyang Pear, with a sugar content as high as 9.76% and rich in vitamin, is not only a fresh luscious fruit but also the staple of Laiyang Pear Syrup, which is good for restoring energy, reducing phlegm and relieving coughs. It can also be processed into canned food, pear catsup, or simply frozen dried, and hot wind dried, etc.