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1997年12月3日，丽江古城被联合国教科文组织,评为”世界文化遗产”。
丽江古城是云南省丽江纳西族自治县的中心城镇，位于云南省西北部，地理坐标为东经100°14′，北纬26°52′。
古城位于县境的中部，海拔2400余米。是一座风景秀丽，历史悠久和文化灿烂的名城，也是中国罕见的保存相当完好的少数民族古城。
位于滇西北的丽江，因金沙江流经境内而得名（金沙江古称丽江）。丽江以玉龙雪山下的大研古城，纳西族东巴文化和摩梭母系大家庭享誉世界。
大研古城号称“东方威尼斯”， 是纳西族的聚居区，最初为茶马古道上货物的中转集散地。城中建筑多为三坊一照壁式上木结构瓦房，街巷以西方街为中心四通八达，“家家流泉，户户垂柳”，被称为“中国的威尼斯”，1997年经联合国评审列入《世界文化遗产名录》。
东巴文化是大研古城的精髓所在，东巴文化包括东巴教、东巴文字、东巴经、东巴舞、东巴兵和东巴音乐。其中，记载着纳西族历史与神话的东巴经文是世界上唯一存留的活的象形文字。东巴经卷帙浩繁，国内外收藏的经书约二万余册，内容涉及语言文字、宗教民俗、历史文艺、天文历法、哲学等，包罗万象，被称为古代纳西族的“百科全书”。东巴音乐是指东巴在宗教祭祀活动中所吟诵的一种曲调，并伴有器乐。因在演奏技法和曲子处理上溶入了纳西族风格，所以称“纳西古乐”。 古城之旅，夜晚最美的安排莫过于听纳西古乐。半个世纪前，旅居丽江的俄国人顾彼得在其《被遗忘的王画》一书里，曾绘声绘色地讲述古乐的感受：“这种音乐是地道的中国古典音乐，它超越时空，似乎在描述这样一块乐土：在这里多么宁静、安谧；有着不灭的和平、大面。
居住在风景如真的宁蒗沪沽湖畔的摩梭人，千百年来维系母系大家庭的传统和男不娶女不嫁的“阿夏婚”习俗。 |
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| The Lijiang Ancient City in Yunnan |
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Lijiang ancient city is the central township in the autonomous county of Naxi minority in Lijiang, Yunan, it is located in the northwest of Yuannan province, the exact geographic coordinate is 100°14′ in east longitude, and 26°52′ in north latitude.
The ancient city is situated in the middle area of the county, which is more than 2400 meters high above sea level. It enjoys beautiful scenes, an indeed famous city with long history and splendid culture; it is very rare in China that such well-preserved minority ancient city still exists.
Lijiang is running across the northwest part of the township, it is because the Gold Sand River passes through here that its name is given (Gold Sand River was originally named as Lijiang). Lijiang's fame comes from the Dayan ancient city on the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Dongba culture of Naxi minority and the Mosuo matrilineal family.
Dayan ancient is known as "Oriental Venis", it is the aggregation area of Naxi minority, with its original status as the transfer station for the goods on their way. Most of the buildings in the city are made of wood and tiles, with the West street as the center, the roads here can lead to virtually place; the city is famous for its water, hence it is famed as "Oriental Venis", and was listed into the "Directory of World Cultural Heritage".
Dongba culture is the essence of Dayan ancient city; it consists of Bajiao, Dongba vocabulary, Dongba religious scriptures, Dongba dance, Dongba soldier and Dongba music. Among them, Dongba religious scripture, which recorded the history and myths of Naxi minority, now is the only hieroglyph exists in the world.
There are more than 20 thousand religious books collected in China and some foreign countries written in Dongba, they are about language and words, rel igion and folk custom, history and literature, astronomy and legislation, philosophy, etc, it is an all-inclusive book, it is known as the "encyclopedia" of ancient Naxi nationality. Dongba music is mainly a kind of tune sung during the activity of sacrifice, along with musical instrument. A trip to the ancient, the best thing to do in the night is to listen to the ancient Naxi music.
Half a century ago, a Russian who traveled and lived in Lijiang wrote a book named "A Forgotten Royal Painting" in which he vividly described his feelings upon the music: this is indeed the very classical Chinese music, transcending the time and space, as if it is describing a kind of Utopia like this: what a serene and calm place; it is peaceful and generous.
Mosuo people are living on the beautiful banks of the Hugu lake, for thousands of years, they always remains the costume of matrilineal family and abide by the tradition of "Axia Marriage", for which the men and women are living free from marriage. |
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