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1994年12月，山东曲阜孔府、孔庙、孔林被联合国教科文组织评为”世界文化遗产”。
曲阜位于济南市南120公里，为山东著名的古城，是儒家学派创始人孔子的故乡，历代封建王朝，在这里兴建孔府、孔庙、孔林，使其闻名全国。
孔庙
孔庙是以孔子的故居为庙,以皇宫的规格而建，是我国三大古建筑群之一,在世界建筑史上占有重要地位。它占地三百亩，气势宏伟，布局严谨，前后九进大院，各院独具特色。其中大成殿，奎文阁为主要建筑。大成殿是孔庙的主体建筑，整个大殿金碧辉煌，气势磅礴，其前廊10根大理石柱上各精雕两条戏珠的飞龙，工艺绝妙，实为宫殿建筑中罕见，殿内廊柱皆楠木，都彩绘团龙错金。殿前有一名为“杏檀”的亭子，是孔子晚年讲学的地方，杏檀设教，弟子三千。 |
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奎文阁是三层木结构的阁楼，飞檐斗拱，造型庄严，为国内少见。孔庙内有孔子塑像，13座碑亭、53块巨碑，还有以孔子一生经历为题材石刻的120块《圣迹图》。现还陈列了汉魏以来的碑刻800多块,连同孔庙内原有的1200多块,共计2100多块，形成了我国又一碑林。
孔府
孔府也称圣府，是孔子的后代子孙们居住的地方。这里规模宏大，楼阁厅堂共计463间,是历史上最大的地主庄园。庭院分东、中、西三路,东路为家庙,西路为客厅院，中路则是主体建筑，其前院为官衙，后院为住宅。
孔林
孔林是孔子及其家族的墓地。占地3000亩，四周建墙环绕，园内古木参天，茂密幽深。密林深处还有孔子墓及历代兴建的楼、亭、坊、殿及大小碑碣石雕。 |
| Confucius Temple and Confucius mansion and Confucius tomb |
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Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius Tomb in Qufu, Shandong Province
Confucius mansion, Confucius temple and Confucius tomb in Qufu, Shandong province were granted the name of "world cultural heritage" by UNESCO in Dec 1994.
Qufu, a famous ancient city in Shandong province and the hometown of Confuciuszi, who is the founder of Confucianism, locates in the south of Jinan city with a 120-km-long distance. Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius tomb in this city, built in dynasties, makes it well know throughout the country.
Confucius Temple
Confucius Temple, the former residence of Confucius, was built according to the specification for imperial palaces. It is one of the three ancient building complexes in our country and holds an important position even in the world. It covers an area of 300 mu. Inside of this complex, there are 9 yards, each among which has its own characters. Among them the Dacheng Palace and the Kuiwen Cabinet are its main buildings. Dacheng Palace is the main body of Confucius temple. There are 10 poles made of marble in its front porch. Each pole has two carved flying dragons playing a big pearl. The poles in its internal porch are made of nan mao. In the front of this Palace, there is a pavilion, named "Xingchan", where Confuciuszi used to teach in his old days.
The structure of Kuiwen Cabinet is 3-layer timberwork, which is rare in our county. In Confucius temple, there is a statue of Confuciuszi, 13 stele pavilions, 53 huge steles and 120 "Shengjitu", on which writes Confuciuszi's life experience. There are over 2100 steles including 800-plus steles displayed outside and 1200 existing ones, forming a Forest of Steles.
Confucius mansion
Confucius mansion, also named Shengfu, is a place for Confuciuszi's offspring to live. There are 463 buildings in this manor. It is the biggest manor in history. The complex includes 3 parts, east, middle and west part. East part is home temple, west part is parlour and the middle part is its main building. Its front yard is office and the back yard is dwelling house.
Confucius tomb
Confucius tomb is the graveyard of Confuciuszi and his family covering an area of 3000 mu encircled by walls with a lot of ancient trees inside. |
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